Slavery in America - Free Essay Example

  Slavery has played various roles in different societies all over the world, but slavery was never as abused and manipulated as it was in America. Slavery has been a part of societies even before it came to America, but American colonization and greed for profit took priority over human rights. Slavery was different for every region of colonization in America. Though the underlying idea of it was all the same, the different governments took slavery to new levels of torture and abuse. The main countries that colonized America were Britain, French, Spanish, and Dutch. Since these are all different groups with different ways of living, the way they used slavery was different as well. With the new found abuse of slavery came all sorts of ways to manipulate and take advantage of slaves, mainly by creating laws that limited what they could do, especially limiting how they could obtain their freedom. Every country that colonized America used slaves in some way or another. One of these countries was the Netherlands. Dutch colonization took place mainly in present day New York. The Dutch interest in slaves took place when settlers started up farms on the Hudson River. After this, slavery took off, for a little while at least. Until the mid-1600s, slaves were not expected to serve for their whole life. However, after slavery became more popular in the region, it became acceptable for white farmer to purchase African slaves in exchange for a life time of servitude. This would all change though because Britain took over this Dutch colony around 1664. A second minor country that colonized America was France. France had control of Louisiana, parts of Canada, and parts of Inland America. In Louisiana, settlers started tobacco and indigo farms. These farms then called for slaves to work the fields. Slaves in Louisiana included Africans and Indians. One of the many laws in place in Louisiana was that children were born into slavery if their mother was a slave. This was a very common law throughout all of colonized America. Also, French women were not very common, because they did not take to trip from France to America. Because of this it was very common for French men to mingle with African women. Most African women were slaves and so any children conceived were also slaves. These Afro-French children were in a unique situation because their French fathers did not want them to be slaves forever, so their fathers would decide to free them from slavery. The French also had their own slave code called the Code Noir. This was very similar to that slave codes of English settlers. A couple of the laws inside the Code Noir were that interracial marriage was forbidden and that only slave owners could free their slaves. Slaves were not allowed to buy their freedom. Florida was one of the main Spanish colonies in America. Historically, Spanish cultures is tried to religion, specifically Catholicism. Because of this, slaves in Spanish Florida had an opportunity for freedom that many others did not. Any slave that converted to Catholicism would be freed and protected under the religion. Slaves had more choices as far as what type of work they wanted to do. There were several jobs that required back-breaking work, but they could also serve as linguists, guides, and even serve in the Spanish militia. Because of the many Indians in Florida, and the fact that Africans mingled with Indians, slavery was not defined by race in Spanish Florida. Spanish settlers treated slaves better than in English colonies. Part of this was because Spanish law clarified the masters responsibility and the slaves rights. These distinctions were not made in England. Britain held the majority of the colonies in America. These included Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, and more. The laws concerning slavery were different in each colony, but the main ideas were similar. One of these similarities was a law created concerning children. Any child born in these colonies was to take the title of their mother, either slave or free. This particular law made African women very important to white men. Like with the French, many English women did not travel to America. So it became very common for white men and African women to mingle. As a result, many children were conceived and since it was more than likely that the mother was an African slave, these children were also considered slaves. Another common law was punishment for slaves. While the severity of punishment varied from colony to colony, There were laws put in place that allowed for harsh punishment of slaves for even minor offenses like theft or even being disobedient. South Carolina had some of the most sever punishments for slaves out of all of the colonies. They decided that runaway slaves would be punishable by death, and even offered rewards to individuals who captured runaway slaves. While many colonies assumed this, Virginia made a law in the 1640s stating that slaves were to serve for life. Maryland established a law stating that if a white women and an enslaved black man married, the white women would have to serve the husbands master. Englands colony South Carolina was most know for extreme slave codes. These codes severely limited slaves ability to do what they wanted when their day of work was done. Just to name some of the restrictions, when slaves traveled off of the plantations, they were required to carry a pass given by their owner that said they could be away from the plantation. Also, Runaway slaves, if captured, were brutally beaten, branded, or even bodily mutilated. African slaves had very limited options for freedom, and as time went on, these options became less and less. In the mid 1600s, slaves would runaway to St. Augustine, Florida. If they made it, they would convert the Catholicism and doing this would keep them from having to be a slave again. This option did not last ling though, as St. Augustine was burned down and the slaves safe haven was ruined. The only other realistic way for slaves to gain their freedom was to purchase it. Of course as time went on, the colonies put laws in place such as having to have the owners approval for a slave to become free, or they owner would have to move the newly freed Africans outside of some colonies, if they were to be free. These were some of the very few ways slaves could gain their freedom. Slavery was different in every colony, depending on what country was in control of the colony. There were over arching similarities, but nonetheless, each colony was different, and had its own way of controlling slaves. Freedom was also a difficult thing for slaves to gain, as many options for freedom were deemed illegal by the colonies laws. Overall, this was one of the toughest times for slavery, there was nothing to stop whites from brutally torturing slaves and they had yet to realize that they were abusing human beings that were exactly like them.

The Contribution of Feminists to the Sociology of the Family

Feminists have played a major part in the ideology of the family, as they provide an alternative view to the traditional sociology of the family. There are many different types of feminists; the main ones are Radical feminists, Marxist feminist and liberal feminists. Although they are categorised separately, they fundamentally believe in the same idea, which is the dominant functionalist assumptions are inaccurate and should therefore be challenged. Functionalists believe that in the family, the role of the woman is functional when she plays a necessary ‘expressive’ role, providing care and affection for members in a more subordinate role than that of the breadwinner husband. HOUSEWORK/POWER RELATIONS One of the functionalists,†¦show more content†¦A liberal feminist, Jessie Bernard, sees the role of housewife as the key factor in limiting the potential of women. Bernard believes that marriage is particularly beneficial for men as they are more likely than single men to have successful careers, high incomes and high status occupations. However, wives are found to express marital dissatisfaction more frequently than men, since they gain least. Margaret Benston, a Marxist feminist, states that the amount of unpaid labour performed by women is very profitable to those who own the means of production. To pay for women even at minimum wage scales, would involve a massive redistribution of wealth. At present the support of the family is a hidden tax on the wage earner, his wage buy the labour power of two people. In addition, the man is less likely to withdraw his labour power with a wife and children to support. Not only does the family produce and rear cheap labour, it also maintains it at no cost to the employer. The woman as housewife tends to her husbands needs keeping him in good working order to perform his role as wage labourer. 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Business Intelligence and Analytics and Investigating

Question: Discuss about the Business Intelligence and Analytics and Investigating. Answer: Introduction: This paper mainly concentrates on the public hospitals who had disclosed their reports regarding their operations in the emergency departments to the NNAPEDCD and it is seen that they report their overall activity of 2015-16 with respect to over time and that includes: The type and the number of public hospitals that have given out emergency department care The total number of presentations to the emergency departments of public hospitals. It is seen that the data set only considers the emergency department care in public hospitals that are situated in New South Wales. The NNAPEDCD gives out information on the provided care that are inclusive of the waiting time for the care for the patients who are non-admitted and have been registered in the emergency departments in the public hospitals where the departments try to acquire the following criteria: Intentionally constructed and equipped regions with delegated evaluation, recovery areas and treatment. Capability to give out recoveries, basic management and stabilisation of all the available emergencies The availability of the medical employees in the hospital for 24 hours a day Delegated nursing staff in the emergency department 24 hours a day and 7 days a week and a delegated emergency department that has a unit manager for handling nurses. The interpretation of the changes over time has revealed that the total number of hospitals has increased from 203 in 2011-12 to 287 in the year 2015-16. It is seen that women and children hospitals has remained 39 even though a value increased in the last year. The public acute group A hospitals has remained the same and the value has stayed to 60 for the five years, Public acute group B hospitals have remained the same as well the total number accounts to 45. The number of public acute group C hospitals was 38 in the year 2011-12 and the value has risen to 55 in the year 2015-16. The number of other hospitals has increased significantly and the value rises to 88. With respect to the state wise evaluation of the hospitals with respect to the emergency departments in the public hospitals, it is seen that the highest number of hospitals with emergency departments is seen in New South Wales and the number has increased significantly to 177 in 2015-16 from 95 in 2011-12. The other states that are in consideration have very few hospitals with respect to NSW. The sub division of various types of hospitals in New South Wales has revealed that out of the 177 hospitals other hospitals are 87, while group C hospitals account for 38 and group A accounts for 22. Group B hospitals are found to be 17 and women and child hospitals are seen to be 13. The total number of hospitals is very high with respect to the other states and territories. It is seen that with respect to the presentation of the emergency departments in the states and the territories, it is seen that in New South Wales, it is seen that the total number of presentations in the year 2011-12 has been 2,235,455 and it is seen that the total number of presentations has increased to 2,733,520, which has increased significantly in the year 2015-16. It is seen that the overall presentation all over the country has even risen from 6547342 in 2011-12 to 7465869 in the year 2015-16. Now, the segmentation of the total number of presentations with respect to the various types of hospitals are being discussed and it is seen that in case of New South Wales in the year 2015-16, it is seen that highest number of presentations are seen to be given by the group A hospitals followed by the women and children hospitals. It is seen that it is essential for the women and children hospitals to increase their presentation so that awareness can be spread among the society. The lowest number of presentations is given out by other hospitals irrespective of the group A, group B and group C hospitals. People who use emergency department services It is seen that with respect to the various age groups who have been taking the services, it is seen that in New South Wales the highest number of patients in the male population arise from the age group of 15-24 years. The next age group that makes use of the emergency department includes the age group of 0-4 years. The rate of patients in this age group has been found to be 174611. It is generally seen that most of the emergency patients have been within the age group of 0-4, 15-24 and 25-34 years. The rate of visit for the 15-24 years age group has been high but has been lower than above discussed age groups. With respect to the female age group, it is seen that the highest visitor has been higher in the age group of 15-24 years and the next age group has been found to be the age group of 25-34 years. It is even seen that in both the cases of male and female the teenagers has been found to be the most visitors of the emergency department. The next data will discuss about the presentation of the emergency departments by the indigenous states and territories and it is seen that most of the presentations are done in New South Wales and the other Australians contribute the highest. The other Australians comprise of the people for which indigenous reports were not recorded. The data with respect to the remoteness area of the usual residence has revealed that major cities are the regions from where most of the individuals visit the emergency department and urgent patients has been observed to be the highest in this respect. The semi-urgent patients have been found to be next after the urgent patients. The analysis of this data has revealed that the access of the individuals living outside the major cities has been found to be relatively low and therefore their accessibility to the emergency department has been low. It can even be said that the hospitals outside the major cities have lower level of emergency care departments. How and why were the services accessed? The evaluation of this statement has revealed that the type of visit, the importance or then urgency of the care, the process of arrival, the diagnosis principal and the end status of the patients. With respect to the type of visit that are seen in the emergency department in New South Wales, it is seen that emergency presentation has been the highest in the concerned state. The planned visit has been found to be the next highest level of the patients. It is seen that most of the emergency patients hail from the state of New South Wales. The urgency of the care and the mode with which the patients arrived at the emergency department has revealed that revival patients in New South Wales mainly arrive with the help of air ambulance, rescue helicopter services and ambulance. In case of emergency patients, any other mode other than the pre-discussed mode of transpiration is used. With respect to the urgent people, it is seen that ambulance and other mode of transport is mainly used by the patients to arrive at the emergency care. The scenario is same in case of the semi-urgent patients as it is seen that the other mode of payment and the use of use of air ambulance, ambulance and rescue helicopters are mainly utilised. The case is the sake for the non-urgent and the all category patients and therefore, the analysis of the collected data reveals that any kind of patient who arrive at the emergency care department mostly make use of the air ambulance or the ambulance or makes use of other mode of transportation. The next data is in respect to the time during which the people got admitted to the emergency department and it is seen that the frequency level is higher during the time span of 10 am to 8 pm. The frequency level has ranged from 12.9 to 11. This reveals that the level of admittance in the emergency department has been higher during the day time than at night. The next database discusses about the reason why the patients receive care in the emergency department and it is seen that with respect to New South Wales, a higher percentage of the patients were came to the emergency care with certain injuries that are external in nature like the poisoning and injuries due to accidents and mishaps. It is seen that symptoms of clinical and laboratory findings has been second in line with respect to the admittance in the emergency care department. It is seen that patients with respiratory problems have been found to be next line. It can therefore be said that a higher percentage of the patients get are admitted in the emergency care department due to external accidents and therefore it is important for the public hospitals to maintain the amenities that will be helpful for curing the patients who are affected by external injuries. There are various diseases that individuals face and thus it is seen that the emergency care department requires to maint ain every sort of medical equipment so that they can handle various kinds of patients. The next data reveals the twenty common principal diagnoses that is done by the emergency department and it is seen that with respect to New South Wales, it is seen that pelvic and abdominal pain has been found to be most. The other principal diagnoses have been found to be chest and throat pain. It can therefore be said that in New South Wales, most of the patients are have abdominal problems or throat or chest related problems. With respect to the main diagnostic block patient, it is seen that single site injury patients have been deemed to be the highest in New South Wales. There are various other diagnostic block patients who have visited the emergency care but after the single injury care, it is seen that digestive illness has been found to be the next bit diagnostic blockage system. The next set of data explains about the presentation by episode and the end status of the patients and it is seen that in New South Wales patients who have been departed without being referred and admitted is the highest and followed by the patients who had been admitted in the hospital. The analysis of the whole data set reveals that New South Wales have observed the highest number of patients who have been admitted in the emergency care department of public hospitals. Data Recommendation The analysis of the data that has been obtained with respect to the patients getting admitted in the emergency care department in New South Wales has revealed that this state with respect to the other states have the highest number of patients who have been admitted in the emergency care department. The data with respect to the non-admitted patients in the emergency care department has disclosed that most of the patients are facing abdominal, throat and chest pains and the external injuries has been higher. It is even seen that proportion of the percentage of waiting time has increased with respect to the rise in the degree of patients in New South Wales. It is even observed that much better results can be obtained by taking help of the primary data that could be useful for the giving out more precise and accurate results with respect to the transforming time and with respect to the changes in the taste and preferences in the economy. It is even requested that one needs to make use of my ideology in a proper way and undertake various kinds of functional activities that can improve the condition of the business. The undertaking of a developed data is not developing the process of the management accounting of the firm but is actually motivating the upcoming employees who try to give out the precise answer. Bibliography Bismark, M.M., Spittal, M.J., Gurrin, L.C., Ward, M. and Studdert, D.M., 2013. Identification of doctors at risk of recurrent complaints: a national study of healthcare complaints in Australia.BMJ quality safety, pp.bmjqs-2012. Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr?Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S. and Dienger, J., 2013. The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well?being, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(12), pp.2786-2799. 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